| State of New Mexico | |
| Coordinates | 34°NB, 106°WL |
| General | |
| Surface | 315.194 km² (0,2% water) |
| Residents | 2.082.224 (6,62 inhabitants/km²) |
| Capital city | Santa Fe |
| Politics | |
| Governor | Michelle Lujan Grisham (D) |
| Other | |
| Time zone | Mountain Standard Time (UTC−7) |
| Joined | 6 januari 1912 |
| Nickname | Land of Enchantment |
| Website | newmexico.gov |
New Mexico (Dutch: Nieuw-Mexico, Spanish: Nuevo México) is one of the states of the United States.
The capital of New Mexico is Santa Fe. The standard abbreviation for the state, nicknamed Land of Enchantment (“Land of Enchantment”), is NM. New Mexico has the highest percentage of Hispanic and Hispanic population within the United States, and the second highest percentage of Native Americans after Alaska.
History
The Clovis culture is named after the place Clovis, where the first remains of this culture were found, characterized by elongated spearheads. The carriers of the Clovis culture were big game hunters.
Before the arrival of the Europeans, Indian tribes such as the Navajos and Apaches inhabited the area. The elevated city of Acoma Pueblo is the oldest inhabited place in the United States. The oldest house dates from 1144, but this place may have been inhabited since the beginning of the era. The Pueblo Bonito complex (the well-known example of the Chaco culture) was built as early as the 9th century.
Around 1540, the Spanish conquistador Francisco de Coronado passed through the area, searching in vain for large amounts of gold. His expedition retreated to Mexico two years later. In 1595, the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México was founded and three years later Juan de Oñate began colonizing the area. The city of Santa Fe was founded in 1610.
After Mexico became independent in 1821, New Mexico became part of that country. In 1848, after the loss of the Mexican-American War, Mexico ceded a large area, including most of present-day New Mexico. In 1853 a relatively small piece was purchased (the so -called Gadsden purchase).
On December 20, 1861, General Sibley, commander of the Army of New Mexico, issued a proclamation declaring to seize New Mexico for the Confederate States of America. The campaign in New Mexico lasted from February to April, with the Battle of Peralta on April 14, with a northern victory.
With the construction of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, population growth really got going. In 1878 the Lincoln County War took place. This was a massacre between different groups of criminals, including Billy the Kid. New Mexico became the 47th state of the United States on January 4, 1912.
In 1943, the Los Alamos National Laboratory was opened in the north of the state. This was one of the three main sites of the Manhattan atomic bomb development project, and on July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb named Trinity was detonated in the southeast of the state.
On July 8, 1947, the Roswell Incident took place near the town of Roswell. Soon the story spread that a flying saucer had crashed here. This is fodder for ufologists to this day.
Geography
From Rio Grande Gorge Bridge
According to JIBIN123.COM, New Mexico covers an area of 315,194 km². The average altitude is 1735 m above sea level; the highest point is Wheeler Peak (4,011 m), part of the Rocky Mountains, which traverse New Mexico from north to south. The main river is the Rio Grande which rises in Colorado and cuts across the state from north to south. In the north, the river flows through the eighty kilometer long Rio Grande Gorge.
Due to the altitude, there is a high mountain climate in the north and east, while the south and west have a desert climate.
New Mexico borders the country of Mexico and the states of Texas, Oklahoma, Arizona, Colorado, and Utah. The point where the borders intersect with the last three is called Four Corners. New Mexico is in the Mountain time zone.
The state boasts many natural attractions, such as the stalactite caves at Carlsbad and the white sands of White Sands National Monument.
Language
| Languages Spoken in New Mexico | |
| Engels | 64% |
| Spanish | 28% |
| Navajo | 4% |
The state has no official language, but the state’s 1912 constitution states that New Mexico is a bilingual state through the use of English and Spanish. State officials should know two languages. In 1995, the state’s national anthem became bilingual: New Mexico — Mi Lindo Nuevo México. In 2008, it became the first state to allow public schools to use a textbook in Navajo, an indigenous language spoken by many Native Americans in this state.
Demography and Economics
New Mexico had a population of 1,819,046 (6 per km²) in 2000, of whom about 40% were of Hispanic or Latin American background. The largest city is Albuquerque. There are also extensive Indian reservations in the state.
Large parts of the state are used for various purposes by the US military. The atomic bomb was developed in Los Alamos during World War II.
Spaceport America is located in the state from which commercial space flights can be made. The gross product of the state in 1999 was 51 billion dollars.
Religion
| Religions in New Mexico | |
| Roman Catholic | 42% |
| Protestant | 28% |
| • Large traditional churches | 8% |
| • Evangelical | 20% |
| • Anders | 2% |
| Mormon | 3% |
| Jew | 2% |
| Buddhist | 2% |
| Anders | 3% |
| Irreligious | 22% |
The majority of the population is Catholic and the majority of Protestants profess evangelism.
Administrative division
According to COUNTRYAAH, New Mexico is divided into 33 counties. A county in the United States is a local government that is one level lower than the state.
| County | Inhabitants 1 July, 2007 |
County Seat | Inhabitants 1 July, 2007 |
| Bernalillo | 629.292 | Albuquerque | 518.271 |
| Catron | 3431 | Reserve | 326 |
| Chaves | 62.595 | Roswell | 45.569 |
| Cibola | 27.261 | Grants | 8876 |
| Colfax | 13.216 | Raton | 6584 |
| Curry | 45.328 | Clovis | 33.182 |
| De Baca | 1916 | Fort Sumner | 983 |
| Doña Ana | 198.791 | Las Cruces | 89.722 |
| Eddy | 51.002 | Carlsbad | 25.033 |
| Grant | 29.699 | Silver City | 9977 |
| Guadalupe | 4447 | Santa Rosa | 2534 |
| Harding | 716 | Mosquero | 87 |
| Hidalgo | 4945 | Lordsburg | 2665 |
| Lea | 58.043 | Lovington | 9793 |
| Lincoln | 20.783 | Carrizozo | 1029 |
| Los Alamos | 18.558 | Los Alamos | 12.090 |
| Luna | 26.996 | Deming | 15.277 |
| McKinley | 70.059 | Gallup | 18.802 |
| Mora | 5069 | Mora | 3929 |
| Otero | 63.129 | Alamogordo | 35.607 |
| Quay | 8971 | Tucumcari | 5123 |
| Rio Arriba | 40.827 | Tierra Amarilla | 3447 |
| Roosevelt | 19.142 | Portales | 11.992 |
| San Juan | 122.427 | Aztec | 6810 |
| San Miguel | 28.655 | Las Vegas | 13.539 |
| Sandoval | 117.866 | Bernalillo | 7121 |
| Santa Fe | 142.955 | Santa Fe | 73.199 |
| Sierra | 12.316 | Truth or Consequences | 6689 |
| Socorro | 18.118 | Socorro | 8418 |
| Taos | 31.608 | Taos | 5265 |
| Torrance | 16.598 | Estancia | 1529 |
| Union | 3792 | Clayton | 2100 |
| Valencia | 71.364 | Los Lunas | 12.115 |
Politics
Het New Mexico State Capitol
The executive branch of the state is headed by a governor, who is directly elected by the voters in the state. The 2018 gubernatorial election was won by Democratic Party ‘s Michelle Lujan Grisham. She took office as governor of New Mexico in January 2019.
The legislature consists of the New Mexico House of Representatives (New Mexico House of Representatives) with 70 members and the New Mexico Senate (New Mexico Senate) with 42 members. Both houses have had Democratic majority for more than two decades, with the exception of the House in one term (2014-2016), when Republicans had a majority.
| New Mexico House of Representatives (2017)38
32 38 32 The 70 seats are distributed as follows: ■ Democratic: 38 ■ Republican: 32 |
New Mexico Senate (2017)26
16 26 16 The 42 seats are distributed as follows: ■ Democratic: 26 ■ Republican: 16 |
Culture
By brandende Zozobra
The capital Santa Fe has a large artist community. The art movement harks back to age-old Apache and Navajo traditions, reflected in painted pottery, weaving, and jewelry. The modern painter Georgia O’Keeffe has played a major role in putting the state on the map. In Santa Fe, the Fiestas de Santa Fe are held every fall, culminating in the 15 meter high burning puppet ”Zozobra”.
The state has its own cuisine, with the New Mexico chile, a gingerbread nut, being the most famous. These peppers are often dried in ristra (long bunches on a rope) that are also used as decoration. Other typical dishes are the Bizcochito butter cookies with cinnamon and anise and the spicy Capirotada bread pudding.
